Ensaio: Avaliação e Políticas Públicas em Educação
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A revista Ensaio: Avaliação e Políticas Públicas em Educação tem por finalidade publicar artigos relacionados à Educação, tendo como temática questões sobre avaliação e políticas públicas em educação, priorizando os resultados de pesquisas, estudos teóricos e ensaios.
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- ItemA (auto)avaliação das escolas: “virtudes” e “efeitos colaterais”(2009) SA, VirgínioOver the last two decades, in very different socio-political contexts, first in central countries, then in semi-peripheral and peripheral countries, the evaluative agenda, in its different configurations and domains of influence, has come to assume an enormous centrality. In the case of Portugal, the recent changes in the legislative framework that frame our schools and their professionals, with emphasis on the new status of the teaching career in non-higher education and the "indexation" of the much talked about autonomy contracts prior to the existence of self-evaluation processes and external evaluation, catapulted this issue to the front pages of the public agenda. The reasons for this (sudden) interest in issues of educational assessment in general, and institutional assessment in particular, are organized around a plurality of structuring axes affiliated with tensioned logics and rationalities, some more linked to concerns with control, others more in tune with an emancipatory agenda. In this text, we intend to discuss some of those logics and rationalities in tension, articulating them with the diversity of agents and agendas that evaluation can serve. More specifically, it seeks to highlight some of the "side effects" resulting from conceptions and evaluative practices that ignore, or despise, the assumption of the school as a "complex educational organization".
- ItemA alfabetização de crianças com seis anos: uma contribuição para o debate sobre aquisição de habilidades de leitura escrita e matemática no primeiro ano do ensino fundamental(2008) FONTANIVE, Nilma; KLEIN, Ruben; BIER, Sônia ElizabethThis literacy project deals with 6-year-old students that have engaged in the first year of Public Elementary Schools in the state of Rio Grande do Sul in the south of Brazil. Aiming to evaluate the reading, writing and math skills achieved by the students, an experimental model was designed. This model divided the students into four groups, where three of them took part in learning activities conducted by three different institutions, and the fourth, called group of control, took part in activities conducted by the schools themselves. The results of the activities were presented on a reading, writing and math proficiency scale and it showed the development of the students' performance at the end of their first year of school. The main outcome showed that the results of the three groups of intervention were better than the results of the control group in reading and writing and there was no difference in mathematics. A measure of the socioeconomic level of the schools was built and no difference in distribution was found.
- ItemA avaliação institucional e à acreditação como base para qualidade em ensino à distancia(2002) PINTO, Fatima Cunha Ferreira; OLIVEIRA, Carlos Alberto Pereira deThe article exposes the issue of Institutional Assessment and Accreditation as a basis for Quality Distance Learning in a knowledge society. It analyzes the methodology of distance learning, comparing it with that of conventional education, and its importance for developed countries. It also reports the Brazilian Policy on Distance Education and educational programs created in this area, such as: TV Escola, PROINFO, PROFORMAÇÃO and PAPED, analyzing their strengths and weaknesses and recognizing the importance of expanding Distance Education beyond non- academic and postgraduate courses. It ends by emphasizing the importance of Institutional Assessment and Accreditation in improving the services offered to society as a whole and, mainly, as a support for the growth and improvement of the quality of Distance Education in Brazil.
- ItemA avaliação vista sob o aspecto da educação a distância(2006) MALTEMPI, Marcus Vinicius; ROSA, MaurícioThis paper presents the assessment as an aspect, sufficiently important for the education in general, that also it must be thought and be discuss in front of the Distance Education. Thus, from our experience as professors and having for context a course fulfilled totally at distance, we analyzed some interactions that occurred during the course, which was developed having as north the constructionist educational theory. We also used this theory to elaborate our ideas regarding the character of the evaluation front of a formative conception, in an environment of Distance Education, which valued all the types of interaction. Then, we united the Constructionism with the Formative Evaluation, which aims to perfect the learning process of the pupil instead of measure what this learned.
- ItemA capacitação de professores em avaliação em salas de aula: um esboço de idéias e estratégias(2003) ELLIOT, Lígia Gomes; FONTANIVE, Nilma Santos; KLEIN, RubenThe consolidation of large scale evaluations systems has to be followed up by the implementation of educational policies at federal, state and county levels. By and large, quality of ecation has been the main targert of these policies. Their implementation however depends upon teachers action inside classroom and upon the way conduct students assessment. Teachers are known as the key element who is responsible for the improvement of classroom assessment and for using its results to benefit the teaching learning process. The results of students assessment answer to various stakeholders questions. For instance, schools need to know whether their can show a high level of achievement, mainly after an exam or an external evaluation. Teachers, by their side, need to confirm if their students had learned or not as well as to know how good they are when compared to other students results. Family, parents, and students themselves need to know how students are doing in relation to performance standards. School administrations, inclding the educational system, need to know how schools and their teachers are performing to get good assessment results. Thus, to perform an adequate classroom assessment teachers will need to improve knowledg and practices about it. How to do it? The main purpose of this paper is to present and discuss some ideas strategies related to the empowerment of teachers in classroom assessment.
- ItemA categoria precisão na avaliação e na meta-avaliação: aspectos praticos e teóricos em um novo enfoque(2005) VELLASCO, Marley Maria Bernardes Rebuzzi; LETICHEVSKY, Ana Carolina; TANSCHEIT, Ricardo; SOUZA, Reinaldo CastroThis article deals with the category precision of a true evaluation in the scope of evaluation and meta-evaluation (evaluation of evaluation). First, it presents the modern conceptualization of evaluation and meta-evaluation and then discusses the role of meta-evaluation to ensure the quality of an evaluation process, in its different approaches, from the four categories of a true evaluation (utility, viability, ethics and precision). The emphasis of the article is on the category precision: (1) its importance in a meta-evaluation, in all the phases or stages of an evaluation, with its advances and its limitations and; (2) its application in the meta-evaluation itself which, while an evaluative process, must also follow the four patterns of a true evaluation. In this sense, practical and theoretical aspects which merit attention in the negotiation, the design, the implementation and the conduction of a meta-evaluation are presented, when the paradigm of the treatment of the data of a meta-evaluation, through the classical logic and not the fuzzy logic, is discussed.
- ItemA contribuição da disciplina de introdução a engenharia quimica no diagnostico da evasão(2006) SILVA, Rosenir Rita de Cássia Moreira da; MAINIER, Fernando Benedicto; PASSOS, Fabio BarbozaIt has told a lot about the evasion at the engineering course, but the solution hasn't been found yet. In recent statistics accomplished at the Chemical Engineering from Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, it was checked out that the most of the students enrolled are the basic cycle, which becomes, at this way, a difficult obstacle to a lot of students. Several factors influences and the high index of reproval is one of those that causes a big lack of motivation among the students, specially to thoses who are on the first period, where there is the worst situation. This big retention provokes an increasing of average time of permanence in the university to 13 semesters, when the normal time is 10 semesters. Less than 20% of students are able to form in normal time. These indicates a enormous obstacle, which damaged the superior education system efficiency. The subject called Introduction to Chemical Engineering was included in the first period of the curriculum, intending to research about problem and study a way to solve it. The lessons of this subject used to have for purpose getting better the student's adaptation at the course, cooperating for his maturation. Severals informations are passed about the university, the course, the jobs, the marked, having always as an objective motivating the students. It has been verified that the relation teachers-students were very important in this experience, which resulted higher global academic performance
- ItemA cultura da repetência em escolas cariocas(2009) EARP, Maria de Lourdes SáThis article is based on a PhD's thesis on the Brazilian education system, that aimed to describe the flunking phenomenon, which is the main impediment to the conclusion of the elementary school in Brazil. For two years a case study was conducted in two public schools in Rio de Janeiro. According to the Brazilian school system culture, teachers do not feel responsible for their students learning and progress. The research showed that this culture can be noticed inside the classrooms, in their own structures, which can be described by the "center-periphery" metaphor. The students whose sits are located in the center of the classroom receive more teaching than the students who sit in the periphery. There are two kinds of "center" students: first, people who have better social condition which contribute to their privileged position in class and second, students with simpler social conditions. Theses students have been chosen to be taught by the teachers according to the "Pygmalion effect".
- ItemA descentralização como política pública no setor educacional: uma análise dos impactos em escolas públicas do município de Curitiba-PR(2005) TAKAHASHI, Adriana Roseli WunschThe municipal obliquity, due to the structural change of the last decades, has defined new decentralized orientations on public policies. In the educational area, this process meets the democratization and autonomy trends of public schools. To analyze the impact of this policy on the schools routine, this project tried to reach two local public schools in Curitiba, located in Parana State, which strategies were chosen to manage the financial resources, and their impact on teachers activities. For this, interviews were held with schoolmasters and teachers, and questionnaires with teachers, in order to analyze each result, and then compare them. In both cases, the results show the organizational agreement for the decentralization, the mobilization of decision forum to manage them, and the advances of the teaching process. The difficulties emphasized in this process pointed to the need of attendance, and the evaluation of public policies — pointed as a typical problem in Brazil.
- ItemA docência e a violência estudantil no contexto atual(2010) PIGATTO, NaimeThis article presents a reflection about the teachers' actions towards the student violence. We present a theoretical study about the role of the teachers concerning to the resolution of the conflicts that occur among the students, as we also try to characterize the violence in the school. The study was based on the qualitative approach and it was characterized for being a bibliographical research as well as a field research. By the collected data we could identify that the teachers' actions to solve the student violence in a pacific way require the support of the State and also the support of the whole society. The affectiveness, the reflexive dialogue and the flexibility of the pedagogical planning constitute a kind of teaching that seeks the students' learning based on the principles of an education for peace.Este artículo presenta una reflexión acerca de las acciones de los profesores ante la violencia estudiantil. Con este fin, se presenta el marco teórico sobre el papel de los docentes en la solución de los conflictos que ocurren entre los alumnos, y trata de caracterizar la violencia en la escuela. El estudio exploratorio se basa en la hipótesis de la aproximación cualitativa y una búsqueda bibliográfica y de campo. A partir de los datos recogidos, fue posible identificar que las acciones de los profesores a la solución pacífica para la violencia de los estudiantes requieren el apoyo del Estado y de la sociedad en su conjunto. El afecto, el diálogo reflexivo y la flexibilidad de la planificación del proceso educativo permean el trabajo del profesor, que busca el aprendizaje de los alumnos, basada en los principios de la educación para la paz.
- ItemA escola de qualidade para todos: abrindo as camadas da cebola(2005) GOMES, Candido AlbertoEducational research presents numerous findings today on how to build a qualified school for all. This paper recognizes the importance of the social origins of the students, educational management, evaluation, curricular organization etc. However, if focuses on selected features related to the differences among and within schools, on the basis of the national and international literature. Considering that the peculiar structure of the educational systems is similar to an onion, with its successive peels, this work analyses factors affecting learning, such as expenditure, facilities and equipment, time, teachers, school climate and management, peer effects, enrollment procedures, space management, student grouping, and other factors that affect effectively in the classroom. Therefore, it is possible to shape such a school, particularly in developing countries, where its impact is stronger than in developed countries.
- ItemA gestão do espaço no ensino médio público: o caso do Distrito Federal(2003) GOMES, Candido Alberto; CASTRO, Plinio Eduardo Monteiro deThis work presents a comprehensive view of private education in Brazil, based on data from the 2000 sense of Higher Education and other sources. Private education serves about 2/3 of the country's university students in 946 institutions, directly mobilizing about of 10 billion reais annually and employing 200,000 people between teachers and employees. The analysis shows that private institutions are a very different group, with some institutions large and many small. Half of its students are in the so-called "social professions", which include Law, Administration, Economics and Social Sciences. The second area of importance is Education and the third is the professions associated with health. The private system has grown a lot and should grow even more, given the restricted size of Brazilian higher education and the limited expansion of the public sector. However, there are financing, efficiency and equity issues that could affect this expansion. The paper discusses some of the business strategies adopted by the private sector, the federal government's efforts to regulate the sector, and identifies issues that require additional field research to be elucidated.
- ItemA influência da qualidade na atratividade de instituições de ensino superior com capital aberto(2008) GRAMANI, Maria Cristina N.When the yield is connected to the quality of a Higher Education Institution (HEI), its attractiveness for future investors is larger. In general, the yield data of the HEI's is available in prospects, quarterly results and relations with investors (RI). However, less effort is placed to demonstrations of quality indicators. So, this article intends to identify factors that reflect the quality of HEI's, presenting twelve pointers, some of them benefit quality and others can point out risks of quality reduction. A positioning map was also built by using these twelve pointers and placing them in the variables yield and quality, in order to identify the attractiveness level of an HEI.
- ItemA judicialização das relações escolares e a responsabilidade civil dos educadores(2008) CHRISPINO, Alvaro; CHRISPINO, Raquel S. P.This report presents the phenomenon called judicial school relations, which is characterized by the Justice act in the school and in its relations environment, having as a result the most variable in sentences, trying to show that the education main actors don't know how to deal with all the variables which characterize these relations. It presents the educators duties established by the New Civil Code, the Statute of Children and Teenagers and the Customer Defense Code which, generally, are not educators' study target. It exemplifies the school relation problems that are taken to the Justice and demands jurisprudence. Finally, it proposes a new deal with the educational performers (teachers, managers and community) in order to prepare them, so that they become able to give directions and make decisions about the school environment, becoming effective school relations protagonists.
- ItemA pesquisa multicultural como eixo na formação docente: potenciais para a discussão da diversidade e das diferenças(2008) CANEN, AnaThis paper argues that the comprehension of the research as a multicultural phenomenon can give the link teach-research a great significance to teachers formation. The article develops this idea by suggesting four main dimensions on this viewpoint: first, the conception of future teachers and teacher educators as researchers in action of plural cultural identity; second, the encouragement of discussions about educational themes in terms of silenced and represented voices, analyzing tensions between universal and diversity value; third, the expose of the future teachers to plural research methodologies; and finally, the analysis of the institution or organization identity where teachers formation happens, showing the problems related to unequal power relations and trying to make these institutions become multicultural organizations.
- ItemA pesquisa-ação como instrumento de análise e avaliação da pratica docente(2005) ABDALLA, Maria de Fátima BarbosaThis article intends to reflect on research-action as an instrument to analyze and evaluate the teaching practice. To do so, it investigates a group of Elementary and Grade School teachers involved in a Continued Education/ University Training Program. From this perspective, the text approaches aspects that guide the research-action methodology and evaluates its effects, analyzing them from the following perspectives: the school structure as a work context; teacher practices face to the teaching and research situation; and the habitus as a way of being and practicing the profession. As conclusions, even if partial, this article announces a few principles that allow one to bring new meaning to research-action as a professional training and learning strategy that is able to make the teaching practice more critical and coherent in the search for its needed transformation.
- ItemA política neoliberal e a educação superior na América Latina e Caribe(2003) LAMPERT, ErmâniThe work, divided into three interconnected parts, covers the theme "neoliberal policy and higher education in Latin America and the Caribbean". At first, with the objective of contextualizing the problem through a summarized view, the author locates the chronic problems in Latin America and the Caribbean, within the current world situation. In a second instance, in light of the new paradigm of capitalist production and State reform, the metamorphosis of the public university is analyzed, which, at the same time that it is scrapped and its working conditions deteriorate, is forced to attend to new demands arising from the demands of different social segments. Finally, based on the new demands of society, they propose some directions to the university to be pursued in the 21st century.
- ItemA pós-graduação em engenharia no Brasil: uma perspectiva histórica no âmbito das políticas públicas(2007) Almeida, Nival Nunes; BORGES, Mário NetoThis paper presents a report on the engineering post-graduation in Brazil based on some important landmarks in the history of the Brazilian higher education. The work takes into account the legislation established in different studied periods of time and the context of the academic and scientific institutions during the development of the Brazilian post-graduate courses. Furthermore, the main national sponsoring agencies for the development of science and technology, as well as the first years of the engineering post-graduation and the associated evaluation system are introduced and analyzed.
- ItemA questão da acessabilidade em uma rede escolar(2003) ALMEIDA, Lourdes Maria Werle de; DIAS, Michele RegianeIn this work we analyze the performance of a network of public schools from 5th to 8th grades of elementary school in relation to the level of accessibility of students to schools. The application of an accessibility indicator, which incorporates a measure of spatial separation and the capacity of schools, leads to results that demonstrate that there are moderate variations between the level of accessibility of students from different regions of the city of Londrina-Paraná. Information about Elementary Education in public schools in the city of Londrina is undoubtedly important for administrators, teachers and students of the system and can be taken into account, especially in the planning phase, to define actions on the system subject to sector budget constraints.
- ItemA tecnocultura e a educação(2004) WENEEK, Vera RudgeEl artículo pretende analizar desde una perspectiva filosófico-pedagógica la relación entre tecnocultura y educación. Toma como marco metodológico los supuestos de la Teoría de los Valores, conceptualizando la educación como un proceso de aprehensión y jerarquización de valores de manera adecuada y adecuada para el logro humano como "personalidad". Admitiendo que la aprehensión de valores se debe a la sensibilidad, analiza el papel de los medios de comunicación en general, lo que apela especialmente a esta facultad, como agente educador. Entiende, entonces, que hoy se denomina multimedia a una instancia de educación cuya función no es solo comunicar, sino proponer una jerarquía de valores que conduzca al perfeccionamiento de la asignatura. Analiza las características de la multimedia, la denotación y connotación de sus mensajes, la imaginería y el significado de su lenguaje. Muestra que la producción de tecnología no es neutra, su acción pedagógica no se debe precisamente al contenido que transmite, sino al sentido en que se presenta. También aborda el tema de la censura y la ética en la producción de medios. Se concluye por la necesidad de profundizar en la reflexión sobre los conceptos de cultura, tecnocultura y educación a través de la ética.