Gustavo Alberto: “invenção” e circulação da primeira carteira escolar patenteada no Brasil (1881-1884)
Carregando...
Tipo
Artigo
Classficação
Nível teórico
Data
2022
Autores
Título do Períodico
Educação e Pesquisa
ISSN
1678-4634
Página(s)/e-location
e241234
Idioma(s)
pt
Fonte
Fonte
São Paulo, SP
48
48
Coleções
Resumo
Um dos elementos materiais de maior centralidade na escola do final do Oitocentos foi, sem dúvida, o móvel destinado aos estudantes: a carteira escolar. Emergindo como alternativa aos antigos bancos e mesas coletivas, difundida nas Exposições Universais, debatida nos Congressos Pedagógicos e de Higiene, a criação e a produção dos chamados bancos-carteiras ajudaram a configurar uma nascente indústria escolar. No Brasil Império, a década de 1880 foi o momento em que essa questão passou a ser debatida com vigor. Salvo exceções, a investigação dos primórdios dessa produção de carteiras escolares no país ainda é tema a reclamar tratamento historiográfico. Nesse contexto, o artigo tem por objetivo investigar o processo de “invenção” e circulação da primeira carteira escolar patenteada no Brasil, por iniciativa de seu inventor, o professor Gustavo José Alberto, entre 1881 e 1884. Para tanto, ancora-se nos recursos metodológicos da micro-história e toma como fontes privilegiadas jornais do período, publicados na Corte Imperial, bem como relatórios oficiais. Os resultados apontam que o interesse do professor em produzir um protótipo de banco escolar parece ter nascido de sua experiência docente e de seu contato com debates pedagógicos então em andamento e dos quais tomou parte ativa. Ao mesmo tempo, ao criar um modelo de carteira a ser utilizado em sua escola, decidiu patenteá-lo junto ao Ministério da Agricultura para, posteriormente, oferecê-lo ao governo, que, naquela época, vinha realizando compras significativas desse material, tanto via importações quanto via fabricação local.
One of the most central material elements in schools at the end of the 19th century was, undoubtedly, the furniture used by the students: the school desk. Appearing as an alternative to the old collective benches and tables, disseminated at the World’s Fairs, debated at Pedagogical and Hygiene Congresses, the creation and production of the so-called chair-desks contributed to establish a rising school industry. In the Empire of Brazil, this matter came to be vigorously debated in the 1880s. With few exceptions, the investigation of the beginnings of this production of school desks in the country is still a subject lacking historiographical treatment. In this context, this paper aims at investigating the process of “invention” and circulation of the first patented school desk in Brazil, on the initiative of its inventor, Professor Gustavo José Alberto, between 1881 and 1884. Therefore, it is based on the methodological resources of microhistory and uses, as privileged sources, periodicals of that time published in the Imperial Court and official reports. The findings point out that the interest by the professor in producing a prototype of a school desk seems that it resulted from his teaching experience and contact with pedagogical debates – then in progress – in which he played an active role. At the same time, upon creating a desk model to be used in his school, he decided to patent it in the Ministry of Agriculture in order to subsequently offer it to the government. At that moment, the government was making significant purchases of this material, both via imports and local manufacturing.
One of the most central material elements in schools at the end of the 19th century was, undoubtedly, the furniture used by the students: the school desk. Appearing as an alternative to the old collective benches and tables, disseminated at the World’s Fairs, debated at Pedagogical and Hygiene Congresses, the creation and production of the so-called chair-desks contributed to establish a rising school industry. In the Empire of Brazil, this matter came to be vigorously debated in the 1880s. With few exceptions, the investigation of the beginnings of this production of school desks in the country is still a subject lacking historiographical treatment. In this context, this paper aims at investigating the process of “invention” and circulation of the first patented school desk in Brazil, on the initiative of its inventor, Professor Gustavo José Alberto, between 1881 and 1884. Therefore, it is based on the methodological resources of microhistory and uses, as privileged sources, periodicals of that time published in the Imperial Court and official reports. The findings point out that the interest by the professor in producing a prototype of a school desk seems that it resulted from his teaching experience and contact with pedagogical debates – then in progress – in which he played an active role. At the same time, upon creating a desk model to be used in his school, he decided to patent it in the Ministry of Agriculture in order to subsequently offer it to the government. At that moment, the government was making significant purchases of this material, both via imports and local manufacturing.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Carteira escolar, Cultura material escolar, Brasil Império, Século XIX, School desk, School material culture, Empire of Brazil, 19th century
Citação
ANJOS, Juarez José Tuchinski dos. Gustavo Alberto: “invenção” e circulação da primeira carteira escolar patenteada no Brasil (1881-1884). Educação e Pesquisa, São Paulo, SP, v. 48, p. e241234. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-4634202248241234. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/j/ep/a/sdy336TsdhNRMYhTHFwkWrP/?format=html&lang=pt. Acesso em: 2023-09-26