Uma análise exploratória sobre seleção e inclusão no Ensino Superior brasileiro: do mérito herdado ao mérito relacional
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Tipo
Artigos
Classficação
Nível técnico
Data
2022
Título do Períodico
Pro-Posições
ISSN
1980-6248
Página(s)/e-location
e20210070
Idioma(s)
pt
Fonte
Fonte
Campinas, SP
33
Dezembro
33
Dezembro
Coleções
Resumo
Este artigo tem por objetivo propor uma análise exploratória sobre os sentidos do mérito nas políticas de inclusão no ensino superior brasileiro. O estudo focaliza o Enem, o Sistema de Seleção Unificada (Sisu), a Lei de Cotas de 2012 e o Programa de Inclusão com Mérito no Ensino Superior Público Paulista (PIMESP) das Universidades Estaduais Paulistas. O texto inicia-se com uma discussão sobre o mérito, a partir de produções clássicas e contemporâneas, para tratar, em seguida, das mudanças ocorridas nos princípios organizadores das políticas de seleção e acesso ao ensino, que passaram do mérito universal ao mérito relacional. A terceira parte trata de algumas ações institucionais que conjugaram o ENEM, a Lei de Cotas de 2012 e o Sisu como exemplos de articulação entre o mérito universal e o relacional no ingresso. O Pimesp, ao abolir critérios vinculados ao mérito relacional, acabou sendo objeto de muitas críticas. O artigo destaca a necessidade de que a revisão da referida Lei de Cotas, prevista para 2022, preserve este importante mecanismo de inclusão. A expansão do ingresso no ensino superior traz também desafios em relação às políticas de permanência e de egressos para que estas levem em conta a dimensão relacional do mérito.
This article aims to conduct an exploratory analysis of the meanings of merit in inclusion policies in Brazilian higher education. Higher education admission processes are a fertile field for thinking about the issue of merit in our society due to the decisive role education plays in organizing social inequality. The analysis focuses on the National College Entry Exam (ENEM), the most comprehensive selection process in the country, the Unified Selection System (SISU), a mechanism used by most public institutions, the 2012 Quota Law and the Program for Inclusion based on Merit in Public Higher Education in São Paulo (PIMESP) of the São Paulo State Universities. Assuming merit as a value, the text begins by discussing this concept based on classical and contemporary work. It then addresses the process of educational expansion seen in the 20th century and how this movement led to changes in the organizing principles of admission policies and access to education, shifting from universal merit to relative merit. The third part of the text considers the work of Brazilian authors in discussing several institutional actions that combined ENEM, the Quotas Law of 2012, and SISU as examples of interconnection between universal and relative merit in higher education admissions, despite the problems identified concerning retention policies. By abolishing criteria connected to relational merit, PIMESP became the target of criticism. Considering the positive effects generated from the combination of the quota law, ENEM and SISU, the article stresses the need for revising the Law, slated for 2022, to preserve this critical inclusion mechanism. In conclusion, we suggest that expanding enrollment in higher education also implies challenges regarding retention and graduation policies. Therefore, such policies should consider the relative dimension of merit.
This article aims to conduct an exploratory analysis of the meanings of merit in inclusion policies in Brazilian higher education. Higher education admission processes are a fertile field for thinking about the issue of merit in our society due to the decisive role education plays in organizing social inequality. The analysis focuses on the National College Entry Exam (ENEM), the most comprehensive selection process in the country, the Unified Selection System (SISU), a mechanism used by most public institutions, the 2012 Quota Law and the Program for Inclusion based on Merit in Public Higher Education in São Paulo (PIMESP) of the São Paulo State Universities. Assuming merit as a value, the text begins by discussing this concept based on classical and contemporary work. It then addresses the process of educational expansion seen in the 20th century and how this movement led to changes in the organizing principles of admission policies and access to education, shifting from universal merit to relative merit. The third part of the text considers the work of Brazilian authors in discussing several institutional actions that combined ENEM, the Quotas Law of 2012, and SISU as examples of interconnection between universal and relative merit in higher education admissions, despite the problems identified concerning retention policies. By abolishing criteria connected to relational merit, PIMESP became the target of criticism. Considering the positive effects generated from the combination of the quota law, ENEM and SISU, the article stresses the need for revising the Law, slated for 2022, to preserve this critical inclusion mechanism. In conclusion, we suggest that expanding enrollment in higher education also implies challenges regarding retention and graduation policies. Therefore, such policies should consider the relative dimension of merit.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Educação superior, Ações afirmativas, Mérito relacional, ENEM, SISU, Higher education, Affirmative actions, Relative merit, ENEM, SISU
Citação
BARBOSA, Maria Lígia de Oliveira; PIRES, André. Uma análise exploratória sobre seleção e inclusão no Ensino Superior brasileiro: do mérito herdado ao mérito relacional. Pro-Posições, Campinas, SP, v. 33, p. e20210070, Dezembro. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-6248-2021-0070. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/j/pp/a/HKdcF3XPpPmMVJFRWQDf7YC/?lang=pt. Acesso em: 2023-06-30